Leadership Assessment
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Background
Although the themes of "leadership" and "assessment" are highly relevant in education today, "leadership assessment" is a concept that has not received a great deal of attention. It is difficult to isolate leadership assessment completely from leadership development, and in fact most of the Internet sites currently posted address one within the context of the other. Assessment programs can help school officials at the local, district, and state levels to work more effectively with teachers and other members of the school community to create cohesive learning and working environments. The concept behind leadership assessment is that by identifying an educator’s leadership strengths and weaknesses, one can construct a suitable professional development program to address those issues.
The practice of leadership assessment has traditionally been associated with the corporate world, as businesses in search of executive candidates have utilized screening methods to narrow the talent pool. Although the education sector has been slow to implement such practices, the principle is equally as applicable. School officials require many of the same managerial and interpersonal skills as a CEO of a corporation and are often obliged to work within seriously constrained budgets to affect positive results. Leadership assessment can help to identify those candidates who will not only flourish in administrative roles, but will encourage those throughout their school communities to do the same.
Benefits
There are several methods of leadership assessment currently available on the Internet. The most readily accessible, and perhaps least comprehensive, is self-evaluation. That is not to say that self-assessment is not a valuable tool. While necessarily informal in nature, these self-evaluations provide the inquirer with a means to begin considering his/her ability to serve as an effective leader. The self-assessment tools are composed primarily of either checklists or a series of questions to which the participant is asked to respond. In sum, self-assessment provides educators with an introduction to thinking about leadership skills, but lacks potentially revealing input from colleagues.
Another method of leadership evaluation is the 360-degree feedback method. This requires participation from the community at large, in the form of either surveys or written evaluations. Respondents should ideally include not only teachers, but support staff and district personnel. Due to the highly personal nature of the task, this method is generally more effective when completed anonymously. That being said, it provides the leadership candidate with a much more thorough picture of his/her leadership strengths and weaknesses. Only by addressing the specific concerns of the school community can one become a more effective leader.
The most standardized method of leadership assessment is the School Leadership Series, offered by the ETS, and mandated by a number of states as part of their licensure requirements. This series is composed of two distinct assessments, the School Leaders Licensure Assessment and the School Superintendent Assessment, and are based on both national job analysis studies and a set of standards for school leaders identified by the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC).
Finally, it is interesting to note that among some educators, the notion of leadership is closely linked to technological savvy. A school official is considered a leader if able to introduce technology into the school’s daily life. In these circles (i.e. MFF), leadership assessment seeks to evaluate the administrator’s ability to utilize technological resources as part of the school’s curriculum.
Related Links
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- What Is It?
- Becoming a Community of Learners: Emerging Leadership Practices
- The North Central Regional Educational Laboratory hosts the excellent web site, "Pathways to School Improvement." Pathways provides this series of questions to help educators reflect on their leadership, and suggest ways to support the emergence and growth of community in schools. (From North Central Regional Educational Laboratory)
- Leadership in the Third Millennium
- This page addresses the more basic issue of leadership, including some of the fundamental leadership responsibilities of administrators, and how different forms of leadership can affect the learning community. In particular, this website looks at the following types of leadership: systemic, organizational, instructional, instructional, community, political, interpersonal, and ethical.
- State Action for Education Leadership Project
- This document from the State Action for Education Leadership Project discusses statewide standards and assessment practices for educational leaders. The handbook highlights programs adopted by various states to attract candidates for leadership positions, assess management potential, and implement further training for qualified candidates. References are provided for those interested in more detail on a specific program.
- Tools & Resources
- 360-Degree Leadership Survey
This 360-Degree Leadership Survey was developed by the Annie E. Casey Foundation to determine the leadership skills of its Fellows. The information collected has been used to provide valuable base-line data on the leadership skills and challenges of Casey Fellows. The data helps them make the most of their Fellowship year. Put the Survey to use for your program by downloading it in either Adobe PDF or MS Word format. (From Developed for the Annie E. Casey Foundation by New York University)- Improving Chicago's Schools: The Principals Perspective 2003; Survey of Chicago School Principals
- This comprehensive, confidential survey and others like it provide data for the reports published by the Consortium. The survey contains a lengthy section on professional-development opportunities. While intended chiefly for research purposes, the survey is a fantastic tool that can be used by principals to assess their own professional actions and interactions. (From Consortium on Chicago School Research)
- Instructor Development Needs Analysis (IDNA)
The purpose of this tool is to assist businesses, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and educational institutions in identifying the development needs of their instructional staffs. PDF | Word (From Created at no cost by volunteers for the Dept. of Energy and Westinghouse Electric)- Leadership Development Needs Assessment (LEADNA)
A paper-and-pencil 360-degree tool for assessing leadership development needs. Unlike some other 360 degree instruments, LEADNA is totally anonymous -- it does not request or collect any personal information, including whether respondent is a superior, subordinate, or peer. The authors of this tool believe that anonymity facilitates honest, objective and user-friendly feedback. PDF | Word (From Created at no cost by volunteers for the Dept. of Energy and Westinghouse Electric)- Leadership Development—Leadership Assessment Tool
- A corporate leadership assessment tool, this self-evaluation identifies 25 keys to successful leadership and provides participants the opportunity to quantify their skill levels in those areas. (From Interlink Training and Coaching, LLC)
- Leadership Self-Assessment
- Hosted by the National School Boards Association, this online self-assessment is an excellent resource for those interested in evaluating their leadership potential by putting themselves “to the test.” The page also offers tools for improved advocacy, inquiry and methods of continued self-assessment. The NSBA toolkit also provides links to a number of other topics relevant to professional development.
- LeadSpace
- This New Zealand government website offers a comprehensive overview of principal professional development. (From Government of New Zealand, Ministry of Education)
- Organizational Leadership Assessment
- The OLA is understandable and easy to complete, taking fifteen minutes on average. It is designed to be taken by people at all levels of the organization (Top leaders, Managers and Workforce). Would you like to try out the OLA? Complete the OLA yourself (or with a small team) and instantly receive a mini-report showing your individual results. (From OLA Group)
- Self-Assessment Tool
- The Milken Family Foundation developed this tool to provide educators with an opportunity to assess their ability to lead their school communities in introducing and implementing education technology.
- The Leadership Performance Matrix
- The Center invites educational leaders seeking to meet school and district challenges to download this sample of a Multidimensional Leadership Assessment. (From Center for Performance Assessment)
- The School Leadership Series
- The School Leadership Series offered by the Educational Testing Service is currently required by a number of states as part of their licensing procedure. This series is composed of two distinct assessments, the School Leaders Licensure Assessment and the School Superintendent Assessment, based on both national job analysis studies and a set of standards for school leaders identified by the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC). (From Educational Testing Service)
- Training and Educational Leader Self Assessment (TESLA)
TELSA employs a streamlined version of the Difficulty-Importance-Frequency (DIF) job analysis model employed for years by the U.S. government and the commercial nuclear power industry. PDF | Word (From Created at no cost by volunteers for the Dept. of Energy and Westinghouse Electric)
- Model Programs
- Leadership Audit Tool: A Participatory Management Checklist
- This participatory management checklist is an online assessment tool to help administrators and educators take stock of their management style and focus on techniques that they would like to change or improve. (From North Central Regional Educational Laboratory)
- Peer-Assisted Leadership
- WestEd presents an excellent format for assessing the leadership skills of school principals. Peer-Assisted Leadership (PAL) is a program in which principals form partnerships to help each other reflect upon their respective organizations, their leadership, and how one affects the other. In this non-judgmental, inquiry-based approach to leadership development, PAL partners work together over a period of 4 to 8 months, shadowing and interviewing each other to collect data and analyze their leadership activities in context.
- State Action for Education Leadership Project
- Through this SAELP project, state government and education leaders compete for grants to support research, analysis, and preparation of legislative and administrative actions that will prepare, support, and sustain a group of education leaders in each state. The consideration process begins by reviewing existing state policies related to education leadership. The results are then used to determine criteria for selecting states to receive design grants. (From The Council of Chief State School Officers)
- Selected Research & Articles
- Basic Assessment Concepts for Teachers and School Administrators
- Although primarily concerned with the assessment of student achievement, this article provides a good platform from which to consider the strengths and weaknesses of current assessment practices.
- Measuring Leadership
- This article focuses on the fact that measurements of leadership can provide valuable information not available from informal interviews, observations, or intuition. However, users must select assessment procedures wisely, recognizing that no single approach is perfect and that their choices must be tailored to the needs of the school.
- Measuring Leadership Potential
- This Digest provides a brief survey of basic issues in the measurement of leadership potential. Author Larry Lashway contends that schools require effective leaders, but argues that identifying the necessary traits and skills is not easy. Today, there are numerous instruments that claim to measure leadership capacities. Lashway debates whether or not it is possible to administer a test that will identify leadership potential.
- Motivational Management: Developing Leadership Skills
- What are the qualities that a good leader should possess? Although written from the point of view of a health care practitioner, this article suggests a number of ways in which leaders can take stock of their actions and transform themselves into motivational leaders in their communities.
- Preparing and Supporting School Leaders: The Importance of Assessment and Evaluation
- This brief offers field-based insights -- not silver bullets, not research findings, and not final solutions -- collected from Select Seminar participants as well as participants in a companion meeting on program assessment and evaluation held several months later. (From Institute for Educational Leadership (2005))
- Principal Matters
- Education Week outlines necessary leadership qualities found in an effective principal. What leadership style is most effective given the plethora of models including the "strong leader," the ,"instructional leader,," and the ,"facilitative," leader?
- Strategies of a Leader
- Metaphors of school leadership have changed frequently over the years; no sooner have school leaders assimilated one recommended approach than they are seemingly urged to move in a different direction. How does this transformation affect a principal’s ability to function effectively? This article the different leadership strategies, including hierarchical, transformational, and facilitative, and how they are used. The final section of this article suggests how leaders should choose their strategies.
